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Blog

Blog

I write down what I'm learning as I research: automatic music transcription, signal analysis, digital instrument-making.

  1. Tutorial

    Making music with Arduino: from buzzer to MIDI

    How to get sound out of an Arduino, from a buzzer with tone() to turning sensors into controllers. A practical walkthrough of three levels, no expensive hardware required.

    2026-06-11 · 6 min

  2. Essay

    The Fourier transform: from time to frequency

    Why sound can be understood as a sum of frequencies, what the Fourier transform does with that idea, and how the spectrum explains tuners, equalisers, and spectrograms.

    2026-06-02 · 7 min

  3. Guide

    What MIDI is: instructions, not audio

    What MIDI is and, more importantly, what it is not. How a MIDI message describes a note without containing audio, what travels through the cable, and why that makes it so flexible.

    2026-05-21 · 5 min